oxytoxin

kernel the oxytoxin
git clone git://git.evenfri.xyz/oxytoxin.git
Log | Files | Refs

commit a35de5977cf7091dc89ec50f91c49b222fc05773
Author: evenfri <evenfri256@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon, 17 Aug 2026 17:34:34 +0800

initial commit

Diffstat:
A.gitignore | 2++
Aboot.asm | 39+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Abuild/ar | 3+++
Abuild/as | 35+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Abuild/cc | 11+++++++++++
Abuild/ld | 8++++++++
Abuild/mkcommon | 30++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Abuild/mkdirs | 10++++++++++
Abuild/mkhdr | 23+++++++++++++++++++++++
Abuild/mklib | 16++++++++++++++++
Abuild/mkmany | 24++++++++++++++++++++++++
Abuild/mkone | 18++++++++++++++++++
Adat.h | 32++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Afns.h | 43+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Ainit.c | 14++++++++++++++
Alinker.ld | 26++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Amkfile | 24++++++++++++++++++++++++
Amultiboot.h | 274+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Aoxytoxin.h | 11+++++++++++
Aqemu.sh | 9+++++++++
Atty.c | 85+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Avga.c | 35+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
22 files changed, 772 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +o.* +*.o diff --git a/boot.asm b/boot.asm @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +bits 32 + +mb_align equ 1 << 0 +mb_meminfo equ 1 << 1 +mb_flags equ mb_align | mb_meminfo +mb_magic equ 0x1badb002 ; multiboot magic +mb_checksum equ -(mb_magic + mb_flags) + +section .multiboot +align 4 + dd mb_magic + dd mb_flags + dd mb_checksum + +section .bss +align 16 +stack_bottom: + resb 16384 ; 16 KiB +stack_top: + +section .text +global _start +extern start_kernel + +_start: + ; setup stack + mov esp, stack_top + + ; set arguments + push ebx ; multiboot_info_t mbi + push eax ; uint32_t magic + + ; enter high-level kernel + call start_kernel + + cli +.loop: + hlt + jmp .loop diff --git a/build/ar b/build/ar @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +exec i686-elf-ar rsc "$@" diff --git a/build/as b/build/as @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +s_file="" +o_file="" + +while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do + case "$1" in + -o) + o_file="$2" + shift 2 + ;; + -o*) + o_file="${1#-o}" + shift 1 + ;; + *.s|*.S|*.asm) + s_file="$1" + shift 1 + ;; + *) + shift 1 + ;; + esac +done + +if [ -z "$s_file" ]; then + echo "as-wrapper error: no input assembly file provided" >&2 + exit 1 +fi + +if [ -z "$o_file" ]; then + o_file="${s_file%.*}.o" +fi + +exec nasm -f elf32 "$s_file" -o "$o_file" diff --git a/build/cc b/build/cc @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +exec i686-elf-gcc -c \ + -O0 \ + -nostdlib \ + -ffreestanding \ + -fno-builtin \ + -Wall \ + -Wextra \ + -I"$kernel" \ + "$@" diff --git a/build/ld b/build/ld @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +exec i686-elf-ld -T linker.ld \ + -nostdlib \ + -static \ + -no-pie \ + -o \ + "$@" \ diff --git a/build/mkcommon b/build/mkcommon @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +%.$o: $hfiles # don't combine with following %.$o rules + +%.$o:Q: %.c + echo $qcc $cflags $stem.c + $cc $cflags $stem.c + +%.$o:Q: %.cc + echo $qcc $cflags $stem.cc + $cc $cflags $stem.cc + +%.$o:Q: %.s + echo $qgas $gaflags $stem.s + $gas $gaflags $stem.s + +%.$o:Q: %.asm + echo $qas $aflags $stem.asm + $as $aflags $stem.asm + +nuke:V: nuke-common +clean:V: clean-common +%.clean:V: %.clean-common + +nuke-common:V: + rm -f *.[$os] [$os].out $cleanfiles $nukefiles + +clean-common: + rm -f *.[$os] [$os].out $cleanfiles + +%.clean-common:V: + rm -f $stem.[$os] [$os].$stem $stem.acid $stem diff --git a/build/mkdirs b/build/mkdirs @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +dir-%:QV: + for i in $dirs + do + (cd $i; mk $mkflags $stem) + done + +all:V: dir-all +clean:V: dir-clean +install:V: dir-install +nuke:V: dir-nuke diff --git a/build/mkhdr b/build/mkhdr @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +o=o +os=$o +a=a + +qcc=CC +qld=LD +qas=AS +qgas=AS +qar=AR + +cc=cc +ld=cc +as=nasm +gas=as +ar=ar +cflags= +ldflags= +aflags= +gaflags= +cleanfiles= +nukefiles= +lib= +shortlib= diff --git a/build/mklib b/build/mklib @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +default:V: $lib + +$lib(%):N: % +$lib:Q: ${ofiles:%=$lib(%)} + echo $qar $lib + $ar $lib $newmember + +&:nQ: &.$o + echo $qar $lib $stem.$o + $ar $lib $stem.$o + +all install:V: $lib + +cleanfiles=$cleanfiles $lib + +<$kernel/build/mkcommon diff --git a/build/mkmany b/build/mkmany @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +progs=${targ:%=$o.%} + +all:V: $progs + +$o.%: %.$o $ofiles $lib # ${shortlib:%=$libdir/lib%.a} + $ld -o $target $prereq $ldflags + +%.install:V: $bin/% + +$bin/%: $o.% + $install $o.$stem $bin/$stem + +many-install:V: + for i in $targ + do + mk $mkflags $i.install + done + +install:V: many-install + +cleanfiles=$cleanfiles $progs +nukefiles=$nukefiles ${targ:%=$bin/%} + +<$kernel/build/mkcommon diff --git a/build/mkone b/build/mkone @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +prog=$o.$targ + +all:V: $prog + +$prog:Q: $ofiles $lib # ${shortlib:%=$libdir/lib%.a} + echo $qld $target + $ld $target $prereq $ldflags + +install:V: $targ.install +%.install:V: $bin/% + +$bin/%: $o.% + $install $o.$stem $bin/$stem + +cleanfiles=$cleanfiles $prog +nukefiles=$nukefiles $bin/$targ + +<$kernel/build/mkcommon diff --git a/dat.h b/dat.h @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#ifndef dat_h +#define dat_h + +#include "oxytoxin.h" + +/* vga */ +#define vga_width 80 +#define vga_height 25 +#define vga_start 0xb8000 +#define vga_ctrl 0x3d4 +#define vga_data 0x3d5 + +enum vga_color { + vga_color_black = 0, + vga_color_blue = 1, + vga_color_green = 2, + vga_color_cyan = 3, + vga_color_red = 4, + vga_color_magenta = 5, + vga_color_brown = 6, + vga_color_light_grey = 7, + vga_color_dark_grey = 8, + vga_color_light_blue = 9, + vga_color_light_green = 10, + vga_color_light_cyan = 11, + vga_color_light_red = 12, + vga_color_light_magenta = 13, + vga_color_light_brown = 14, + vga_color_white = 15, +}; + +#endif /* dat_h */ diff --git a/fns.h b/fns.h @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#ifndef fns_h +#define fns_h + +#include "oxytoxin.h" + +/* input/output ports */ +static inline void io_wait() { + asm volatile ("outb %%al, $0x80" : : "a"(0)); +} + +static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val) { + asm volatile ("outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port)); +} + +static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) { + uint8_t ret; + asm volatile ("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port)); + return ret; +} + +/* vga */ +static inline uint8_t vga_entry_color(enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg) { + return fg | bg << 4; +} + +static inline uint16_t vga_entry(unsigned char uc, uint8_t color) { + return (uint16_t) uc | (uint16_t) color << 8; +} + +/* vga cursor */ +void vga_cursor_enable(uint8_t s, uint8_t e); +void vga_cursor_disable(void); +void vga_cursor_update(int x, int y); +uint16_t vga_cursor_get_pos(void); + +/* tty */ +void tty_init(void); +void tty_set_color(uint8_t color); +void tty_clear(void); +void tty_putchar(char c); +void tty_write(const char* data, size_t size); + +#endif /* fns_h */ diff --git a/init.c b/init.c @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#include "oxytoxin.h" + +void start_kernel(uint32_t magic, multiboot_info_t *mbi) { + (void)magic; + (void)mbi; + + tty_init(); + + tty_write("hello, oxytoxin kernel\n", 23); + + while (1) { + asm volatile ("hlt"); + } +} diff --git a/linker.ld b/linker.ld @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +ENTRY(_start) + +SECTIONS { + . = 1M; + + .text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K) { + *(.multiboot) + *(.text) + } + + /* ro data */ + .rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K) { + *(.rodata) + } + + /* rw data */ + .data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K) { + *(.data) + } + + /* rw data and stack */ + .bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K) { + *(COMMON) + *(.bss) + } +} diff --git a/mkfile b/mkfile @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +kernel = `{pwd} +<$kernel/build/mkhdr +<$kernel/build/mkdirs + +as = ./build/as +cc = ./build/cc +ld = ./build/ld +ar = ./build/ar + +ldflags = +dirs = + +ofiles = boot.$o \ + vga.$o \ + tty.$o \ + init.$o \ + +hfiles = dat.h \ + fns.h \ + oxytoxin.h \ + +targ = oxytoxin + +<$kernel/build/mkone diff --git a/multiboot.h b/multiboot.h @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +/* multiboot.h - Multiboot header file. */ +/* Copyright (C) 1999,2003,2007,2008,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + * + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy + * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to + * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the + * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or + * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + * + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + * + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ANY + * DEVELOPER OR DISTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, + * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR + * IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. + */ + +#ifndef MULTIBOOT_HEADER +#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER 1 + +/* How many bytes from the start of the file we search for the header. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_SEARCH 8192 +#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_ALIGN 4 + +/* The magic field should contain this. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC 0x1BADB002 + +/* This should be in %eax. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0x2BADB002 + +/* Alignment of multiboot modules. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_MOD_ALIGN 0x00001000 + +/* Alignment of the multiboot info structure. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_ALIGN 0x00000004 + +/* Flags set in the ’flags’ member of the multiboot header. */ + +/* Align all boot modules on i386 page (4KB) boundaries. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_PAGE_ALIGN 0x00000001 + +/* Must pass memory information to OS. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_INFO 0x00000002 + +/* Must pass video information to OS. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_VIDEO_MODE 0x00000004 + +/* This flag indicates the use of the address fields in the header. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE 0x00010000 + +/* Flags to be set in the ’flags’ member of the multiboot info structure. */ + +/* is there basic lower/upper memory information? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEMORY 0x00000001 +/* is there a boot device set? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_BOOTDEV 0x00000002 +/* is the command-line defined? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_CMDLINE 0x00000004 +/* are there modules to do something with? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MODS 0x00000008 + +/* These next two are mutually exclusive */ + +/* is there a symbol table loaded? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_AOUT_SYMS 0x00000010 +/* is there an ELF section header table? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_ELF_SHDR 0X00000020 + +/* is there a full memory map? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_MEM_MAP 0x00000040 + +/* Is there drive info? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_DRIVE_INFO 0x00000080 + +/* Is there a config table? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_CONFIG_TABLE 0x00000100 + +/* Is there a boot loader name? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_BOOT_LOADER_NAME 0x00000200 + +/* Is there a APM table? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_APM_TABLE 0x00000400 + +/* Is there video information? */ +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_VBE_INFO 0x00000800 +#define MULTIBOOT_INFO_FRAMEBUFFER_INFO 0x00001000 + +#ifndef ASM_FILE + +typedef unsigned char multiboot_uint8_t; +typedef unsigned short multiboot_uint16_t; +typedef unsigned int multiboot_uint32_t; +typedef unsigned long long multiboot_uint64_t; + +struct multiboot_header +{ + /* Must be MULTIBOOT_MAGIC - see above. */ + multiboot_uint32_t magic; + + /* Feature flags. */ + multiboot_uint32_t flags; + + /* The above fields plus this one must equal 0 mod 2^32. */ + multiboot_uint32_t checksum; + + /* These are only valid if MULTIBOOT_AOUT_KLUDGE is set. */ + multiboot_uint32_t header_addr; + multiboot_uint32_t load_addr; + multiboot_uint32_t load_end_addr; + multiboot_uint32_t bss_end_addr; + multiboot_uint32_t entry_addr; + + /* These are only valid if MULTIBOOT_VIDEO_MODE is set. */ + multiboot_uint32_t mode_type; + multiboot_uint32_t width; + multiboot_uint32_t height; + multiboot_uint32_t depth; +}; + +/* The symbol table for a.out. */ +struct multiboot_aout_symbol_table +{ + multiboot_uint32_t tabsize; + multiboot_uint32_t strsize; + multiboot_uint32_t addr; + multiboot_uint32_t reserved; +}; +typedef struct multiboot_aout_symbol_table multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t; + +/* The section header table for ELF. */ +struct multiboot_elf_section_header_table +{ + multiboot_uint32_t num; + multiboot_uint32_t size; + multiboot_uint32_t addr; + multiboot_uint32_t shndx; +}; +typedef struct multiboot_elf_section_header_table multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t; + +struct multiboot_info +{ + /* Multiboot info version number */ + multiboot_uint32_t flags; + + /* Available memory from BIOS */ + multiboot_uint32_t mem_lower; + multiboot_uint32_t mem_upper; + + /* "root" partition */ + multiboot_uint32_t boot_device; + + /* Kernel command line */ + multiboot_uint32_t cmdline; + + /* Boot-Module list */ + multiboot_uint32_t mods_count; + multiboot_uint32_t mods_addr; + + union + { + multiboot_aout_symbol_table_t aout_sym; + multiboot_elf_section_header_table_t elf_sec; + } u; + + /* Memory Mapping buffer */ + multiboot_uint32_t mmap_length; + multiboot_uint32_t mmap_addr; + + /* Drive Info buffer */ + multiboot_uint32_t drives_length; + multiboot_uint32_t drives_addr; + + /* ROM configuration table */ + multiboot_uint32_t config_table; + + /* Boot Loader Name */ + multiboot_uint32_t boot_loader_name; + + /* APM table */ + multiboot_uint32_t apm_table; + + /* Video */ + multiboot_uint32_t vbe_control_info; + multiboot_uint32_t vbe_mode_info; + multiboot_uint16_t vbe_mode; + multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_seg; + multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_off; + multiboot_uint16_t vbe_interface_len; + + multiboot_uint64_t framebuffer_addr; + multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_pitch; + multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_width; + multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_height; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_bpp; +#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_INDEXED 0 +#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB 1 +#define MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_EGA_TEXT 2 + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_type; + union + { + struct + { + multiboot_uint32_t framebuffer_palette_addr; + multiboot_uint16_t framebuffer_palette_num_colors; + }; + struct + { + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_red_field_position; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_red_mask_size; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_green_field_position; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_green_mask_size; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_blue_field_position; + multiboot_uint8_t framebuffer_blue_mask_size; + }; + }; +}; +typedef struct multiboot_info multiboot_info_t; + +struct multiboot_color +{ + multiboot_uint8_t red; + multiboot_uint8_t green; + multiboot_uint8_t blue; +}; + +struct multiboot_mmap_entry +{ + multiboot_uint32_t size; + multiboot_uint64_t addr; + multiboot_uint64_t len; +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_AVAILABLE 1 +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_RESERVED 2 +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_ACPI_RECLAIMABLE 3 +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_NVS 4 +#define MULTIBOOT_MEMORY_BADRAM 5 + multiboot_uint32_t type; +} __attribute__((packed)); +typedef struct multiboot_mmap_entry multiboot_memory_map_t; + +struct multiboot_mod_list +{ + /* the memory used goes from bytes ’mod_start’ to ’mod_end-1’ inclusive */ + multiboot_uint32_t mod_start; + multiboot_uint32_t mod_end; + + /* Module command line */ + multiboot_uint32_t cmdline; + + /* padding to take it to 16 bytes (must be zero) */ + multiboot_uint32_t pad; +}; +typedef struct multiboot_mod_list multiboot_module_t; + +/* APM BIOS info. */ +struct multiboot_apm_info +{ + multiboot_uint16_t version; + multiboot_uint16_t cseg; + multiboot_uint32_t offset; + multiboot_uint16_t cseg_16; + multiboot_uint16_t dseg; + multiboot_uint16_t flags; + multiboot_uint16_t cseg_len; + multiboot_uint16_t cseg_16_len; + multiboot_uint16_t dseg_len; +}; + +#endif /* ! ASM_FILE */ + +#endif /* ! MULTIBOOT_HEADER */ diff --git a/oxytoxin.h b/oxytoxin.h @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#ifndef oxytoxin_h +#define oxytoxin_h + +#include <stddef.h> +#include <stdint.h> + +#include "multiboot.h" +#include "dat.h" +#include "fns.h" + +#endif /* oxytoxin_h */ diff --git a/qemu.sh b/qemu.sh @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +#!/bin/sh + +set -e +kernel_bin="./o.oxytoxin" +mem="16M" + +exec qemu-system-i386 \ + -m "$mem" \ + -kernel "$kernel_bin" \ diff --git a/tty.c b/tty.c @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +#include "oxytoxin.h" + +size_t tty_row; +size_t tty_column; +uint8_t tty_color; +uint16_t* tty_buffer = (uint16_t*)vga_start; + +void tty_set_color(uint8_t color) { + tty_color = color; +} + +void tty_putentryat(char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y) { + const size_t index = y * vga_width + x; + tty_buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, color); +} + +void tty_clear(void) { + tty_row = 0; + tty_column = 0; + + for (size_t y = 0; y < vga_height; y++) { + for (size_t x = 0; x < vga_width; x++) { + const size_t index = y * vga_width + x; + tty_buffer[index] = vga_entry(' ', tty_color); + } + } + vga_cursor_update(tty_column, tty_row); +} + +void tty_init(void) { + vga_cursor_enable(14, 15); + tty_color = vga_entry_color(vga_color_light_grey, vga_color_black); + tty_clear(); +} + +void tty_scroll(void) { + /* move lines to line-1 */ + for (int row = 1; row < vga_height; row++) { + for (int col = 0; col < vga_width; col++) { + size_t src_index = row * vga_width + col; + size_t dst_index = (row - 1) * vga_width + col; + tty_buffer[dst_index] = tty_buffer[src_index]; + } + } + /* clear last line*/ + uint16_t blank = ' ' | (tty_color << 8); + for (int col = 0; col < vga_width; col++) { + size_t index = (vga_height - 1) * vga_width + col; + tty_buffer[index] = blank; + } +} +void tty_putchar(char c) { + if(c == '\n') { + tty_row++; + tty_column = 0; + + if (tty_row >= vga_height) { + tty_scroll(); + tty_row = vga_height - 1; + } + } else if(c == '\b') { + if (tty_column > 0) { + tty_column--; + tty_putentryat(' ', tty_color, tty_column, tty_row); + } + } else { + tty_putentryat(c, tty_color, tty_column, tty_row); + if (++tty_column == vga_width) { + tty_column = 0; + if (++tty_row == vga_height) { + tty_scroll(); + tty_row = vga_height - 1; + } + } + } + + vga_cursor_update(tty_column, tty_row); +} + +void tty_write(const char* data, size_t size) { + for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) { + tty_putchar(data[i]); + } +} + diff --git a/vga.c b/vga.c @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#include "oxytoxin.h" + +void vga_cursor_enable(uint8_t s, uint8_t e) { + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0a); + outb(vga_data, (inb(vga_data) & 0xc0) | s); + + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0b); + outb(vga_data, (inb(vga_data) & 0xe0) | e); +} + +void vga_cursor_disable(void) { + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0a); + outb(vga_data, 0x20); +} + +void vga_cursor_update(int x, int y) { + uint16_t pos = y * vga_width + x; + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0f); + outb(vga_data, (uint8_t) (pos & 0xff)); + + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0e); + outb(vga_data, (uint8_t) ((pos >> 8) & 0xff)); +} + +uint16_t vga_cursor_get_pos(void) { + uint16_t pos = 0; + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0f); + + pos |= inb(0x3d5); + outb(vga_ctrl, 0x0e); + + pos |= ((uint16_t)inb(0x3d5) << 8); + return pos; +} +